The EPA just announced stricter rules on ethylene oxide that would require commercial sterilizing outfits to dramatically reduce emissions. The findings here could help regulators identify and more tightly monitor hot spots.

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Image caption: Ethylene oxide is so toxic, red flag levels for long term exposure and human health start at anything over 11 parts per trillion. The team found levels as high as 40 parts per billion in spots closed to industrial facilities.

From there, while other options on the market lose as much as 10% of the light output shining through an outer lens, the custom-moulded TIR optic in the SS3 serves as both the optic and main lens for greater efficiency and light output. Thanks to this innovative feature, when coupled with high-intensity LED chips, the total intensity of the SS3 is much greater than other LED pods using basic optics or reflectors with a standard outer lens.

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The gas is difficult to detect or measure in the air through traditional monitoring methods that attempt to collect samples on site and bring them back to a lab for analysis. Studies have shown that the compound concentrations change over time so traditional measurement techniques are unlikely to reflect how much gas people living near testing sites are exposed to.

"Our findings have really important implications for community residents, especially infants and children," said Keeve Nachman, associate professor of Environmental Health and Engineering and the co-director of the Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute. "Ethylene oxide has been shown to directly damage DNA, meaning that exposures that occur in early life are more dangerous."

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The toxic gas ethylene oxide, at levels a thousand times higher than what is considered safe, was detected across parts of Louisiana with a cutting-edge mobile air-testing lab. The concentrations found dwarfed Environmental Protection Agency estimates for the region.

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"We saw concentrations hitting 40 parts per billion, which is more a thousand times higher than the accepted risk for lifetime exposure," DeCarlo said.

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Focused: Traditional optics like reflectors or simple lenses lose light internally and to glare, so not all of the light shines on target. Instead, the custom-engineered TIR optic in the SS3 collects all of the light from the LED, and directs it only where you need it, drastically reducing glare and improving total efficiency.

"We went out to answer the question: How much ethylene oxide is in the air in this region and are the levels of concern for people's health?" said lead author Ellis Robinson, an assistant research engineer at Johns Hopkins. "Making it happen involved cutting-edge analytical equipment, analyzing data for about a month."

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The findings, led by Johns Hopkins University environmental engineers, suggest significantly higher cancer risks for people who live near facilities that manufacture and use ethylene oxide, as well as a need for more accurate and reliable tools to monitor emissions.

Our study demonstrates the need for more accurate measurements to help identify locations to install monitors for more long-term monitoring and so we can best protect the health of people who are living in those areas," DeCarlo said.

"I don't think there's any census track in the area that wasn't at higher risk for cancer than we would deem acceptable," said senior author Peter DeCarlo, an associate professor in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering who studies air quality. "We expected to see ethylene oxide in this area. But we didn't expect the levels that we saw, and they certainly were much, much higher than EPA's estimated levels."

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When the team compared their measurements with those able to be detected with the EPA's current screening tools, their own measurements were significantly higher, translating to much greater risks for cancer for the nearby communities.

Ethylene oxide is a man-made gas commonly used to manufacture other chemicals, to fumigate, and to sterilize medical and food production equipment. It's very dangerous to humans, even at low concentrations, with inhalation being the primary route of exposure. Long-term ethylene oxide exposure has been linked to cancer—often for people who live near facilities that manufacture it or work with it.

When installed as a pair and aimed in accordance with your state's regulations, the Driving White pattern meets SAE J581 standard as a Driving/Auxiliary High Beam Light, and the Fog pattern meets SAE J583 standard as a fog lamp, for legal on-road use. Please check your local laws and regulations for aiming, installation, and applicability.

Authors include: Mina Tehrani, Amira Yassine, Shivang Agarwal, Carolyn Gigot, Andrea Chiger, Sara Lupolt, Benjamin A Nault, Kirsten Koehler, Ana Rule, Thomas Burke, and Keeve Nachman, all from Johns Hopkins; Tara Yacovitch, Conner Daube, Anita Avery, Megan Claflin, Harald Stark, Elizabeth Lunny, Joseph Roscioli, Scott and Herndon, all of Aerodyne Research Inc.; and Kai Skog and Jonathan Bent of Picarro Inc.

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"There is just no available data, no actual measurements of ethylene oxide in air, to inform workers and people who live nearby what their actual risk is based on their exposure to this chemical," DeCarlo said.

Although facilities everywhere work with ethylene oxide, these facilities are large and concentrated in southeastern Louisiana, where there is a history of significant environmental injustices related to exposures to toxic chemicals—the area has become known as "Cancer Alley."

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Ethylene oxide is so toxic, red flag levels for long term exposure and human health start at anything over 11 parts per trillion. The team found levels as high as 40 parts per billion in spots closed to industrial facilities. They were also able to follow air flow and detected concerning amounts of the gas as much as 10 kilometers downwind from the plants.

SAE Driving is designed to supplement your high beams, but it’s great for general illumination as well. Rather than a traditional "spot" pattern, the Stage Series Driving pattern shines in an 18x8 degree spread, providing just enough width to fully illuminate the road ahead at high speeds.