Driving Rules and Information - give way signs
Knight Riderlight for truck
A CD4017 combines the count and decode functions into one chip. As mentioned above, add two quad XOR packages as gated inverters controlled by the ff.
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Note also that the original KITT used incandescent bulbs which have a perceptable rise time and a notably slow fall time, possibly enhanced electronically (e.g. it might be an electromechanical action with capacitors added). Thus, KITT had a "trailing edge" behind the sweep. If you want to do this with LEDs, you'll need either a lot more logic, or something analog to simulate the attack-sustain-release behavior seen here. Watch this on desktop not mobile - then you can use the , and . keys on the main keyboard to single-frame through the sequence.
Knight RiderLED scanner Light
As mentioned above, change to an up/down counter whose direction is controlled by the ff, driving the 138 decoder. This feels like the minimum-chip-count solution using discrete logic.
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Now you know why everyone gets this wrong. They either double-beat at the ends, or they totally forget about attack/sustain/release and blink the lights on and off abruptly.
Note that it did not dwell for a double-beat on the 1 and 8. So you actually have a sequence of 14 steps. Thus we arrange them like this.
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Knight Riderlight Bar original
You could use a counter with up/down capability like a 4029 and have the first and last decoded outputs toggle a flip-flop on the UP/DOWN pin. Or a microcontroller, which would allow you to have any pattern you want and e.g. cycle through them with a switch.
Knight RiderLED light scanner Bar Red
I was thinking of using a flip-flop (76N) for the multiplexer selection, but I have to get a clock signal when either all bits are 0s or 1s.
So nothing easier. Set up logic for a 14-light marquee, then merge 02 and 14 to drive lamp 2, 03 and 13 to drive lamp 3, etc.
Electronics noob here. I made a simple follow-LED circuit in one direction using a 555 timer, a 93N counter, and a 138N decoder. Now I want to make it go back and forth.
I could use an AND gate for when all are 1 and a NAND for 0, but how then I would have to select from those two on some kind of condition. But they are not clock signals.

With inverters and multiplexers, I think you are heading down a relatively complex path. Search for knight rider schematic to see how others have solved this.
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