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But waste-to-energy plants represent a key renewable energy source for several countries. Heat recovered from a waste-to-energy plant’s combustion process can be harnessed and used to generate electricity. So how do waste-to-energy plants work, and how could a V-type stoker design help boost both plant efficiency and wider sustainability goals?
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The new design’s V-type structure adds an additional grate to accelerate the drying process, easing the environmental impact of combustion and earning it the METI Minister’s Award at Japan’s 48th Outstanding Environmental Systems Awards.
While there is no provision in the ADRs that state you cannot have light bars mounted to the roof, each state’s road authority can make the call themselves over whether it’s illegal or not. We spoke to them all and discovered two things: The whole system is a dog’s breakfast and sorely needs to be standardised across the country, and trying to get an answer out of these departments is akin to getting blood from a stone. But here are the answers we eventually did get.
Currently, only around 3% of the 100 million barrels a day of global liquid fuel demand is met with biofuels, but new technologies that facilitate waste-biofuel production could supply an additional 20 million barrels a day by 2050, according to Wood Mackenzie.
IEA highlights the need for more organic waste streams in its Net Zero by 2050 Scenario. This includes a requirement that nearly half of the world’s annual bioenergy supply should be met with biofuels from waste and residue resources by 2030, while phasing out less desirable bioenergy sources such as solid biomass for cooking and conventional food-based biofuels.
With a conventional stoker, movable grates create an incline against the direction the trash is moving. This helps with the agitation and allows for more complete combustion in a smaller area.
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Meanwhile, even more basic technologies that improve the efficiency of waste-to-energy solutions can play their part in making use of waste resources that would otherwise end up in landfill, helping to generate low-cost, low-carbon, local energy that reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
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he Internet is full of half-truths and whole falsehoods when it comes to driving lights. Here’s the final word in Australian driving light laws. Australian road rules aren’t set in granite. They weren’t decided thousands …
The incinerator forms the heart of a waste-to-energy plant, and technological developments are making incinerators more efficient and cleaner, accelerating the decarbonization process.
This cutting-edge design increases combustion efficiency, allowing the incinerator to receive radiant heat as waste is combusted and reducing the proportion of residual waste in the ash left behind after incineration.
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Innovations like this are a key part of current and future efforts to embrace net zero emissions as the energy sector transitions to cleaner solutions.
The current ADR (Australian Design Rule) that covers all things with regard to aftermarket vehicle lighting is ADR13. It goes into a whole host of technical specifications covering all things lighting, from driving lights right through to reverse lights and everything in between. There’s a few copies tucked into Highway Patrol gloveboxes all around the country that would unfortunately state driving lights need to be fitted in pairs, up to a total of four lights (7.3.2.1 for those playing at home). The logic made sense when all lights were round – helping to differentiate between one vehicle coming around the bend, or two with one half obscured. But it’s not exactly relevant with LED technology, and causes huge confusion over just how many lights a light bar actually counts as.
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Vehicles transport waste to the plant, which is then dumped into a combustion chamber and burned, releasing heat that turns water into steam in a boiler. The steam turns the blades of a turbine generator to produce electricity, while air pollution control systems remove pollutants.
Sounds great, right? And it is. Except with the goal posts constantly moving it can bring about a whole lot of confusion about exactly what is and isn’t allowed – with a little overregulation thrown in for good mix. But we’re here to cut through the fog and give you the final word on what you can and can’t do with aftermarket driving lights.
On the mounting front they need to be mounted symmetrically along the centre line of the vehicle, so a 10in bar on the driver’s side will also need a 10in bar on the passenger side; although one bar in the dead centre will also tick the boxes. They need to be mounted at the front of the vehicle, and be positioned in a way that won’t reflect light back at the driver (7.3.4.3).
We recently launched Comprehensive Daily Drive Insurance in response to feedback from our beloved customers who were eager to cover the non-4X4 vehicles in their fleet too. We have been delighted to receive positive feedback for …
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For thousands of years, man and fire have had a primal connection. Fire has given us warmth in the cold and provides an enchanting glow of light in the darkness. Campfires have been known to …
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Club 4X4 Pty Ltd (Club 4X4), AR 1235616 of Lifestyle Insurance Group Pty Ltd (Lifestyle) AFSL 246937, distributes this insurance as an agent of The Hollard Insurance Company Pty Ltd AFSL 241436 (Hollard), the product issuer. Hollard pays Lifestyle a commission on sold policies which is a percentage of your premium. Any advice provided is general only and does not take into account your individual objectives, financial situation or needs. Consider the PDS and TMD available to decide if the product is right for you. T&Cs, limits, exclusions and excesses apply.
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Australian road rules aren’t set in granite. They weren’t decided thousands of years ago and written in stone, never to be questioned. They’re alive, constantly changing and evolving with the times to suit new technology, safer testing methods and (surprisingly enough) the ever-changing nature of the automotive industry. Yep, even something as seemingly insignificant as a new lighting system coming to market has changed, and will continue to change, Australian laws. It allows the all-powerful government to change laws when they no longer make sense, when they aren’t applicable anymore, or when a public servant just needs to justify their job.
Ewan has been a journalist and editor for over 15 years, covering commodities in the energy industry, as well as communications, agriculture, oil and textiles markets.
Since ADR13 first came into effect in 2007, it’s been revised a total of four times… each time bringing a few tweaks here and there for technical clarifications like the distances between side marker lights and the angle of visibility of a semi-trailer’s reverse lights. But it’s rule 7.3.2.1 that is the biggest change for 4X4 owners. Where it used to state ‘pairs of two or four’ it now simply states ‘up to a maximum of four’. There’s also been some confusion over just exactly how many lights an LED light bar actually counts as, and that’s recently been clarified as ‘a lamp where multiple light sources operate simultaneously from a single enclosed assembly’. One light bar, one light. Of course there’s all the rules you’d expect like fog lamps operating independent from the headlights, and driving lights to be connected to high beams and automatically turning off when low beams are selected. There’s also no requirement for having them selectable – so they can run straight off the high-beam switch.
We recently launched Comprehensive Daily Drive Insurance in response to feedback from our beloved customers who were eager to cover the non-4X4 vehicles in their fleet too. We have been delighted to receive positive feedback for …
For thousands of years, man and fire have had a primal connection. Fire has given us warmth in the cold and provides an enchanting glow of light in the darkness. Campfires have been known to …
There’s bad news for some though, as bars fitted above most bullbars will earn you a defect for a number of reasons. They contravene ADRs for bullbars by having solid-mounted accessories sticking outside the normal profile of the vehicle or bar, but they’ll also run afoul of ADR13 by blocking the driver’s field of view. The simple rules are: Keep them symmetrical and wired to the high beams, and if you can see them from the driver’s seat they’re probably illegal.
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Separately, waste could also be used as a reliable feedstock for biofuels. Waste-based biofuels could help boost current limited supplies of low-carbon transportation fuels and provide drop-in alternatives to fossil fuels like diesel and gasoline.
One advance is the V-type stoker waste incinerator system developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Environmental & Chemical Engineering Company (MHIEC), which is currently operating at a waste plant in Xiaogan City, Hubei Province, China.
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Inert ash, or “bottom ash”, is collected in both the boiler and the air pollution control system and reprocessed, often for use in the construction industry.
It’s not regarding just light bars where each State varies – for seemingly no reason. Camp or work lights go from one extreme to another in Australia. If you’re lucky enough to live in WA, NT or Qld there’s no specific restrictions, short of don’t use them to blind other drivers. ACT only requires a labelled and illuminated rocker switch, with Vic slightly more restrictive requiring covers to be fitted when on-road. Things get even more confusing in the rest of the country. NSW and SA will only allow work lights on the rear of the vehicle while Tas only allows them to be fitted to the sides. At least they agree on switching, with all three States requiring the switch to be located out of reach of the driver.
With so many cheap light bars on the market lately it’s not surprising to see they’re starting to turn up on roof racks functioning as massively powerful reverse lights. But it’s unarguably illegal. There’s very few laws regarding reverse lights – most dealing with automatically coming on when reverse is engaged and the angles the light is visible from. But for vehicles under 6m in length one light is mandatory, with one additional light being optional. They must also be mounted no lower than 250mm off the ground, and no higher than 1200mm. If you’ve got a ute with only one reverse light you’ll be able to install a light bar down low as your second; but if you have a wagon with two functioning reverse lights, a third on the roof rack will get you pinged.
Waste-to-energy plants are fueled with non-recyclable household waste that would otherwise end up in landfill, which is combusted in incinerators. Municipal solid waste — otherwise known as trash — is usually a mixture of household wood, paper, plastic or organic waste, but could include commercial and industrial waste too.
When you think of renewable energy, piles of household waste about to be incinerated may not be the first thing that springs to mind.
he Internet is full of half-truths and whole falsehoods when it comes to driving lights. Here’s the final word in Australian driving light laws.
It’s something we saw in action recently. People all across the country receiving fines and defects for installing LED light bars without conforming to the 20-year-old rule of fitting additional lights in pairs. People kicked up a stink and the Australian Design Rules were amended to suit.
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One bit of wording to pay close attention to is ‘up to a maximum of four’. This refers to additional lights so it includes fog lamps in a bullbar if the vehicle wasn’t originally fitted with them. Two new fog lights on the bar and a pair of HIDs in the middle will mean a light bar will count as a fifth light and be illegal – no matter where it’s mounted.
Optimizing the system's shape and structure reduces the overall width of the stoker, so the unit can be installed in smaller sites, while its modular design makes it easy to scale.
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