Sound stimulates tiny hair-like cells in your inner ear, which send messages to your brain. Noise-induced hearing loss happens when those delicate cells are damaged.

The most common instrument to measure decibels is a noise (or sound) level meter. This measurement can be taken by a competent person, such as a certified occupational hygienist, or if you or one of your workers have the skills and experience, you do not have to find a specialist.

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If you live on the East Coast, you may have driven through roundabouts in your neighborhood countless times. Or maybe, if you’re in some parts farther west, you’ve never encountered one of these intersections. But roundabouts, while a relatively new traffic control measure, are catching on across the United States.

Roundabouts have been gaining popularity in the U.S. in recent years, in part because the Federal Highway Administration recommends them as the safest option. Some states, like New York and Virginia, have adopted a “roundabout first” policy, where engineers default to using roundabouts where feasible when building or upgrading intersections.

Exposure to some chemicals can also result in hearing loss. These chemicals are known as ototoxic substances. Hearing loss is more likely to occur if a worker is exposed to both noise and ototoxic substances than to just one of them alone.

As early as the 1700s, some city planners proposed and even constructed circular places, sites where roads converged, like the Circus in Bath, England, and the Place Charles de Gaulle in France. In the U.S., architect Pierre L'Enfant built several into his design for Washington, D.C.. These circles were the predecessors to roundabouts.

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The birth of the modern roundabout came with yield-at-entry regulations, adopted in some towns in Great Britain in the 1950s. With yield-at-entry regulations, the vehicles entering the roundabout had to give way to vehicles already circulating in the roundabout. This was made a rule nationwide in the United Kingdom in 1966, then in France in 1983.

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If you decide that a worker needs to frequently wear personal hearing protection to protect them from noise above the noise exposure standard, you must provide the worker with audiometric testing.

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Once you know how many decibels the noise at your workplace is, you can use the noise ready reckoner to calculate the equivalent exposure to 85 decibels over eight hours.

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Noise can damage your hearing if it’s too loud. Both sudden, loud noises, like an explosion, and constant, loud noise, like working near industrial machinery, can damage your hearing.

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As the person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU), you must reduce your workers exposure to noise as much as is possible.

In 2000, the U.S. only had 356 roundabouts. Over the past two decades, that number has grown to over 10,000. Love them or hate them, the roundabout’s widespread adoption suggests that these circular intersections are here to stay.

One way these cells can be damaged is by very loud sound. The sound can be sudden, like an explosion, or can happen over a long period of time.

Roundabouts likely caught on so quickly because they reduce the number of potential conflict points. A conflict point at an intersection is a location where the paths of two or more vehicles or road users cross or have the potential to cross. The more conflict points, the more likely vehicles are to crash.

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As the PCBU, you must do all you can to reduce the risk of noise-related injury in the workplace. There are some things you must do to reduce the risk of noise-related injury, including:

In the years that followed, a few other cities tried out a roundabout-like design, with varying levels of success. These roundabouts didn’t have any sort of standardized design guidelines, and most of them were too large to be effective and efficient, as vehicles would enter at higher speeds without always yielding.

But roundabouts aren’t needed in every intersection. In places where congestion isn’t an issue, city planners tend not to push for them. For example, while there are around 750 roundabouts in Florida, there are fewer than 50 in North Dakota, South Dakota and Wyoming combined.

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As the PCBU, you must make sure that workers are not exposed to noise above the exposure standard as much as is reasonable.

A roundabout has only eight potential conflict points, compared to 32 at a conventional four-way intersection. At roundabouts, vehicles don’t cross each other at a right angle, and there are fewer points where vehicles merge or diverge into or away from each other.

The model Code of Practice: Managing Noise and Preventing Hearing Loss at Work guides you on how to do this. It also has a tool called a ‘noise ready reckoner’ to calculate workers’ noise exposure.

Yield-at-entry meant vehicles drove through these modern roundabouts more slowly, and over the years, engineers began adding more features that made them look closer to how roundabouts do now. Many added pedestrian crossings and splitter islands – or raised curbs where vehicles entered and exited – which controlled the vehicles’ speeds.

The roundabout’s tight circle forces approaching traffic to slow down and yield to circulating traffic, and then move smoothly around the central island. As a result, roundabouts have fewer stop-and-go issues, which reduces fuel consumption and vehicle emissions and allows drivers to perform U-turns more easily. Since traffic flows continuously at lower speeds in a roundabout, this continuous flow minimizes the need for vehicles to stop, which reduces congestion.

SWA is not a regulator and cannot advise you about WHS issues in the workplace. If you need help please contact your state or territory work health and safety authority.

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Workers must not be exposed above 85 decibels (as an average) over eight hours at work. Machines like blenders, lawnmowers and leaf blowers are around 85 decibels. This rule changes depending on decibels and time exposed. For example, the risk at 91 decibels over two hours is the same as 85 decibels over eight hours.

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Ever since, the construction of modern roundabouts in the U.S. has picked up steam. There are now about 10,000 roundabouts in the country.

Roundabouts, also known as traffic circles or rotaries, are circular intersections designed to improve traffic flow and safety. They offer several advantages over conventional intersections controlled by traffic signals or stop signs, but by far the most important one is safety.

Engineers, planners and decision-makers worldwide noticed that these roundabouts improved traffic flow, reduced congestion and improved safety at intersections. Roundabouts then spread throughout Europe and Australia.

Engineers and planners traditionally have installed roundabouts in intersections with severe congestion or a history of accidents. But, with public support and funding, they can get installed anywhere.

For example, If a worker needs to raise their voice to talk to someone one metre away, the noise level is probably too high (the ‘1 metre rule’).

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Noise can damage your hearing if it’s too loud. Both sudden, loud noises, like an explosion, and constant, loud noise, like working near industrial machinery, can damage your hearing.   Hearing damage includes permanent or temporary hearing loss and tinnitus (ringing in the ears).  As the person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU), you must reduce your workers exposure to noise as much as is possible.

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Workers must not be exposed to a noise level above 140 decibels. Any exposure above this level could instantly damage hearing. Sledgehammering or gunshots can be 140 decibels or higher.

I research transportation engineering, particularly traffic safety and traffic operations. Some of my past studies have examined the safety and operational effects of installing roundabouts at an intersection. I’ve also compared the performance of roundabouts versus stop-controlled intersections.

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The Federal Highway Administration estimates that when a roundabout replaces a stop sign-controlled intersection, it reduces serious and fatal injury crashes by 90%, and when it replaces an intersection with a traffic light, it reduces serious and fatal injury crashes by nearly 80%.

In 1903, French architect and influential urban planner Eugène Hénard was one of the first people who introduced the idea of moving traffic in a circle to control busy intersections in Paris.

Three decades later, modern roundabouts came to North America. The first modern roundabout in the U.S. was built in Summerlin, on the west side of Las Vegas, in 1990.

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Around the same time, William Phelps Eno, an American businessman known as the father of traffic safety and control, also proposed roundabouts to alleviate traffic congestion in New York City.

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