The sign, if used, should be located on the right side of the highway on either the near or far side of the highway-rail grade crossing, depending upon which side provides better visibility to approaching drivers.

Guidance: The stop line should be a transverse line at a right angle to the traveled way at a point where a vehicle is to stop or as near to that point as possible. The stop line should be placed approximately 2.4 m (8 ft) from the gate (if present), but no closer than 4.6 m (15 ft) from the nearest rail.

Guidance: A Storage Space (W10-11) sign supplemented by a word message storage distance (W10-11a) sign (see Figure 8B-5) should be used where there is a highway intersection in close proximity to the highway-rail grade crossing and an engineering study determines that adequate space is not available to store a design vehicle(s) between the highway intersection and the train dynamic envelope.

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Guidance: An Emergency Notification (I-13 or I-13a) sign (see Figure 8B-4) should be installed at all highway-rail grade crossings to provide for emergency notification. The sign should have a white message on blue background.

The Storage Space (W10-11 and W10-11a) signs should be mounted in advance of the highway-rail grade crossing at an appropriate location to advise drivers of the space available for vehicle storage between the highway intersection and the highway-rail grade crossing.

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The introduction of Renee Ballard has certainly freshened up Bosch’s world, but while lots of things have changed, one thing remains the same: Connelly continues to deliver winner after winner, year in and year out. Harry is still the star, but Ballard continues to hold her own, and perhaps the best compliment of all is that her chapters (Connelly alternates chapters between their POVs) are just as riveting as when the camera stays tight on Bosch. There’s never a feeling or desire to rush through Renee’s pages to get back to Bosch, and as a team, Ballard is definitely in the running for Harry’s best partner, even though their relationship is a tad unconventional and only two book in the making.

Option: A blank-out or changeable message sign and/or appropriate highway traffic signal indication or other similar type sign may be used to prohibit turning movements toward the highway-rail grade crossing during preemption. The R3-1a and R3-2a signs shown in Figure 8B-3 may be used for this purpose.

Standard: A NO TRAIN HORN (W10-9) sign (see Figure 8B-5) shall be installed at each highway-rail grade crossing where there is a Federal Railroad Administration authorization for trains to not sound a horn. The sign shall be mounted as a supplemental plaque below the Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Advance Warning (W10-1) sign (see Figure 8B-2).

Option: The supplemental Number of Tracks sign may also be used at highway-rail grade crossings with automatic gates.

Option: For other highway-rail grade crossings with passive warning devices, STOP or YIELD signs may be used based on an engineering study.

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Option: The TRACKS OUT OF SERVICE (R8-9) sign (see Figure 8B-3) may be used at a highwayrail grade crossing instead of a Crossbuck (R15-1) sign and a Number of Tracks (R15-2) sign (see Figure 8B-1) when railroad tracks have been temporarily or permanently abandoned, but only until such time that the tracks are removed or paved over.

The minimum lateral clearance for the nearest edge of the Crossbuck sign should be 1.8 m (6 ft) from the edge of the shoulder or 3.7 m (12 ft) from the edge of the traveled way in rural areas (whichever is greater), and 0.6 m (2 ft) from the face of the curb in urban areas.

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Connelly continues to cement his legacy as one of the greatest crime writers of all time, and reading one of his books is an experience unlike anything else the genre has to offer. Look for The Night Fire to make everyone’s “Best of” lists at the end of the year . . . right where it belongs.

Support: Information on railroad ground clearance requirements is also available in the "American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association’s Engineering Manual," or the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials’ "Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets" (see Section 1A.11).

Standard: The Highway-Rail Grade Crossing (R15-1) sign, commonly identified as the Crossbuck sign, shall be retroreflectorized white with the words RAILROAD CROSSING in black lettering, mounted as shown in Figure 8B-1.

Option: The Skewed Crossing (W10-12) sign (see Figure 8B-5) may be used at a skewed highway-rail grade crossing to warn drivers that the railroad tracks are not perpendicular to the highway.

Support: The STOP HERE ON RED (R10-6) sign (see Figure 8B-3) defines and facilitates observance of stop lines at traffic control signals.

Standard: A Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Advance Warning (W10-1) sign (see Figure 8B-2) shall be used on each highway in advance of every highway-rail grade crossing except in the following circumstances:

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Guidance: If possible, stop lines should be placed at a point where the vehicle driver has adequate sight distance along the track.

The NO SIGNAL (W10-10) sign or the NO GATES OR LIGHTS (W10-13) sign may be mounted as a supplemental plaque below the Advance Warning (W10-1) sign.

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Where unusual conditions make variations in location and lateral clearance appropriate, engineering judgment should be used to provide the best practical combination of view and safety clearances.

Figure 8B-6 Example of Placement of Warning Signs and Pavement Markings at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings

Identical markings shall be placed in each approach lane on all paved approaches to highway-rail grade crossings where signals or automatic gates are located, and at all other highway-rail grade crossings where the posted or statutory highway speed is 60 km/h (40 mph) or greater.

Ballard, who was first introduced as the protagionist in The Late Show before teaming up with Bosch in last year’s novel, is still working the night shift when readers meet back up with her here. Heading up the crime scene of a fire that killed Eddie, a homeless man living out of a tent, Renee suspects foul play. More importantly, she’s perhaps the only officer on scene who seems to care about the dead man, and is genuinely driven to find out what, exactly, happened to him—a trait that is very much in line with Bosch’s own “everybody matters or nobody matters” code of honor.

Location and placement should be decided cooperatively by the railroad company and the public or private highway agencies based on specific site conditions. However, these signs are typically located on the railroad right-of-way.

Along with Bosch and Ballard, longtime fans will recognize a bunch of other faces too, including Harry’s half-brother, attorney Mickey Haller. One storyline follows Haller as he attempts to defend a man accused of killing a Superior Court judge, and as always, the Lincoln Lawyer steals every scene that he’s in.

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Standard: If the distance between the railroad tracks and a parallel highway, from the edge of the tracks to the edge of the parallel roadway, is less than 30 m (100 ft), W10-2, W10-3, or W10-4 signs (see Figure 8B-2) shall be installed on each approach of the parallel highway to warn road users making a turn that they will encounter a highway-rail grade crossing soon after making a turn, and a W10-1 sign for the approach to the tracks shall not be required to be between the tracks and the parallel highway.

Support: Passive traffic control systems, consisting of signs and pavement markings, identify and direct attention to the location of a highway-rail grade crossing and advise motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians to take appropriate action.

A strip of retroreflective white material, not less than 50 mm (2 in) in width, shall be used on each support at passive highway-rail grade crossings for the full length of the front and back of the support from the Crossbuck sign or Number of Tracks sign to within 0.6 (2 ft) above the edge of the roadway, except on the side of those supports where a STOP (R1-1) or YIELD (R1-2) sign or flashing lights have been installed or on the back side of supports for Crossbuck signs installed on one-way streets.

A strip of retroreflective white material not less than 50 mm (2 in) in width shall be used on the back of each blade of each Crossbuck sign for the length of each blade, at all highway-rail grade crossings, except those where Crossbuck signs have been installed back-to-back.

Guidance: If the highway profile conditions are sufficiently abrupt to create a hang-up situation for long wheelbase vehicles or for trailers with low ground clearance, the Low Ground Clearance Highway-Rail Grade Crossing (W10-5) sign (see Figure 8B-5) should be installed in advance of the highway-rail grade crossing.

Standard: When tracks are out of service, traffic control devices and gate arms shall be removed and the signal heads shall be removed or hooded or turned from view to clearly indicate that they are not in operation.

On divided highways and one-way streets, a second DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS sign may be placed on the near or far left side of the highway-rail grade crossing to further improve visibility of the sign.

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Option: The STOP HERE WHEN FLASHING (R8-10) sign (see Figure 8B-3) may be used at a highway-rail grade crossing to inform drivers of the location of the stop line or the point at which to stop when the flashing-light signals (see Section 8D.02) are activated.

This sign, which is for emergency notification, should convey a clear and simple message that is visible to anyone stalled or disabled on the railroad tracks, and to anyone with other emergencies.

Placement of the Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Advance Warning sign shall be in accordance with Chapter 2A and Table 2C-4.

Guidance: Auxiliary plaques such as AHEAD, NEXT CROSSING, USE NEXT CROSSING (with appropriate arrows), or a supplemental distance plaque should be placed below the W10-5 sign at the nearest intersecting highway where a vehicle can detour or at a point on the highway wide enough to permit a U-turn.

Guidance: The engineering study should take into consideration such factors as highway and train traffic characteristics (including volume and speed), collision history, the need for active control devices, and sight distance to the approaching train.

Guidance: If the distance between the railroad tracks and the parallel highway, from the edge of the tracks to the edge of the parallel roadway, is 30 m (100 ft) or more, a W10-1 sign should be installed in advance of the highway-rail grade crossing, and the W10-2, W10- 3, or W10-4 signs should not be used on the parallel highway.

Option: A Storage Space (W10-11b) sign (see Figure 8B-5) may be mounted beyond the highwayrail grade crossing at the highway intersection under the STOP or YIELD sign or just prior to the signalized intersection to remind drivers of the storage space between the tracks and the highway intersection.

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Standard: The Crossbuck sign shall be installed on the right side of the highway on each approach to the highway-rail grade crossing. Where restricted sight distance or unfavorable highway geometry exists on an approach to a highway-rail grade crossing, an additional Crossbuck sign shall be installed on the left side of the highway, possibly placed back-to-back with the Crossbuck sign for the opposite approach, or otherwise located so that two Crossbuck signs are displayed for that approach.

If the W10-2, W10-3, or W10-4 signs are used, sign placement in accordance with the guidelines for Intersection Warning signs in Table 2C-4 using the speed of through traffic shall be measured from the highway intersection.

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Option: When authorized by law or regulation, a supplemental EXEMPT (R15-3) sign (see Figure 8B-3) with a white background bearing the word EXEMPT may be used below the Crossbuck sign or Number of Tracks sign, if present, at the highway-rail grade crossing, and a supplemental EXEMPT (W10-1a) sign (see Figure 8B-5) with a yellow background bearing the word EXEMPT may be used below the Highway-Rail Advance Warning (W10-1) sign.

Support: These supplemental signs inform drivers of vehicles carrying passengers for hire, school buses carrying students, or vehicles carrying hazardous materials that a stop is not required at certain designated highway-rail grade crossings, except when a train, locomotive, or other railroad equipment is approaching or occupying the highway-rail grade crossing, or the driver's view is blocked.

Standard: For all highway-rail grade crossings where STOP or YIELD signs are installed, the placement shall conform to the requirements of Sections 2B.06 and 2B.10. Stop Ahead (W3-1) or Yield Ahead (W3-2) Advance Warning signs (see Figure 2C-4) shall also be installed if the criteria for their installation given in Section 2C.29 is met.

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Guidance: Whenever engineering judgment determines that the potential for vehicles stopping on the tracks is high, a DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS (R8-8) sign (see Figure 8B-3) should be used.

Option: At the discretion of the responsible State or local highway agency, STOP (R1-1) or YIELD (R1-2) signs (see Figure 2B-1) may be used at highway-rail grade crossings that have two or more trains per day and are without automatic traffic control devices.

Connelly opens his latest novel with Harry Bosch walking across the soft cemetery grounds, his cane—aiding him during his recovery from a recent knee operation following the events of last year’s Dark Sacred Night—sinking into the grass as he approached the final resting spot of John Jack Thompson.

Standard: If used, pavement markings for indicating the dynamic envelope shall conform to Part 3 and shall be a 100 mm (4 in) normal solid white line or contrasting pavement color and/or contrasting pavement texture.

Option: When justified by engineering judgment, supplemental pavement marking symbol(s) may be placed between the Advance Warning sign and the highway-rail grade crossing.

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Curves, bends and turns signs ; Be aware the road ahead curves to the right Road ahead curves to the right ; Road ahead has a sharp right turn ahead Sharp right ...

Option: If the highway-rail grade crossing is rough, word message signs such as BUMP, DIP, or ROUGH CROSSING may be installed. A W13-1 advisory speed plaque may be installed below the word message sign in advance of rough crossings.

If used, the TRAINS MAY EXCEED 130 km/h (80 MPH) signs should be installed between the Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Advance Warning (W10-1) sign (see Figure 8B-2) and the highway-rail grade crossing on all approaches to the highway-rail grade crossing. The locations should be determined based on specific site conditions.

Standard: Because this symbol might not be readily recognizable by the public, the Low Ground Clearance Highway-Rail Grade Crossing (W10-5) warning sign shall be accompanied by an educational plaque, LOW GROUND CLEARANCE. The LOW GROUND CLEARANCE educational plaque shall remain in place for at least 3 years after the initial installation of the W10-5 sign (see Section 2A.13).

Praised as “One of the hardest working, most thoughtful, and fairest reviewers out there” by #1 New York Times bestselling author Lisa Scottoline, Ryan Steck has “quickly established himself as the authority on mysteries and thrillers” (Author A.J. Tata). Steck also works full-time as a freelance editor and pens a monthly thriller column for CrimeReads. For more information, be sure to follow him on Twitter and Facebook. He currently lives in Southwest Michigan with his wife and their six children.

Guidance: If used, dynamic envelope pavement markings should be placed on the highway 1.8 m (6 ft) from the nearest rail, installed parallel to the tracks, unless the operating railroad company advises otherwise. The pavement markings should extend across the roadway as shown in Figure 8B-8.

Support: Two or more trains per day means an average of two or more trains per day operating over the highway-rail grade crossing for a 12-month period prior to the installation of the STOP or YIELD control sign.

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Author: Michael Connelly Series: Bosch & Ballard #2 (Bosch #22) Pages: 416 (Hardcover) ISBN: 0316485616 Publisher: Little, Brown and Company Release Date: October 22, 2019 Book Spy Rating: 9.5/10

Standard: Turn prohibition signs that are associated with preemption shall be visible only when the highway-rail grade crossing restriction is in effect.

As a minimum, one Crossbuck sign shall be used on each highway approach to every highway-rail grade crossing, alone or in combination with other traffic control devices.

Option: On divided highways and one-way streets, an additional W10-1 sign may be installed on the left side of the roadway.

Option: If a STOP or YIELD sign is installed at a highway-rail grade crossing, it may be installed on the Crossbuck post or on a separate post at a point where the vehicle is to stop, or as near to that point as practical.

Pavement markings shall not be required at highway-rail grade crossings where the posted or statutory highway speed is less than 60 km/h (40 mph), or in urban areas, if an engineering study indicates that other installed devices provide suitable warning and control.

Option: Dynamic envelope markings may be used to mark the edges of the dynamic envelope where there is a highway intersection in close proximity to the highway-rail grade crossing and an engineering study determines that vehicles might stop within the dynamic envelope area.

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Guidance: When pavement markings are used, a portion of the X symbol should be directly opposite the Advance Warning sign. The X symbol and letters should be elongated to allow for the low angle at which they will be viewed.

Guidance: If the Skewed Crossing sign is used, the symbol should show the direction of the crossing (near left to far right as shown in Figure 8B-5, or the mirror image if the track goes from far left to near right). If the Skewed Crossing sign is used where the angle of the crossing is significantly different than 45 degrees, the symbol should show the appropriate angle of the crossing.

Standard: All highway-rail grade crossing pavement markings shall be retroreflectorized white. All other markings shall be in accordance with Part 3.

Agreeing to help Harry on the side, Renee and Bosch once again join forces and begin following leads and mining for clues. But as their investigation gets underway, the duo continuously find themselves wandering down one dead-end after another, before finally catching a break that might link Hilton’s murder to another killer. Still, in the back of Bosch’s mind, one concerning thought lingers. Why did John Jack steal this particular murder book . . . to try and solve it, or to make sure nobody ever could?

The R8-9 sign shall be removed when the tracks have been removed or covered or when the highway-rail grade crossing is returned to service.

Back at Thompson’s house following the funeral, John Jack’s widow instructs Harry to have a look around his office. There, he finds a murder book that Thompson had taken with him when he left the force more than twenty years prior. The cold case in question involves the unsolved murder of ex-con John Hilton, who was shot and killed while sitting in his parked car behind an alleyway known for drugs and trouble. Intrigued, Bosch is ready to get to work, but there’s just one problem. Having retired from the LAPD himself, Harry no longer has access to the files and resources he needs for the job—prompting him to reach out to Detective Renee Ballard for help.

If automatic gates are not present and if there are two or more tracks at the highway-rail grade crossing, the number of tracks shall be indicated on a supplemental Number of Tracks (R15-2) sign of inverted T shape mounted below the Crossbuck sign in the manner and at the height indicated in Figure 8B-1.

Guidance: Crossbuck signs should be located with respect to the highway pavement or shoulder in accordance with the criteria in Chapter 2A and Figures 2A-1 and 2A-2, and should be located with respect to the nearest track in accordance with Figure 8D-2.

Guidance: At a signalized intersection that is located within 60 m (200 ft) of a highway-rail grade crossing, measured from the edge of the track to the edge of the roadway, where the intersection traffic control signals are preempted by the approach of a train, all existing turning movements toward the highway-rail grade crossing should be prohibited during the signal preemption sequences.

Back in the day, as a young detective, Bosch was trained by John Jack, who specialized in bringing young investigators along and showing them the ropes. Now, after a long and distinguished career with the LAPD, John Jack is dead—but he left one final case for his former protégé to crack.

Option: At highway-rail grade crossings, the LOOK (R15-8) sign (see Figure 8B-3) may be mounted as a supplemental plaque on the Crossbuck (R15-1) sign post, or as a separate sign in the immediate vicinity of the highway-rail grade crossing on the railroad right-of-way.

Dynamic envelope markings may be installed at all highway-rail grade crossings, unless a Four-Quadrant Gate system (see Section 8D.05) is used.

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Standard: The Skewed Crossing sign shall not be used as a replacement for the required Advance Warning (W10-1) sign. If used, the Skewed Crossing sign shall supplement the W10-1 sign and shall be mounted on a separate post.

Guidance: Where trains are permitted to travel at speeds exceeding 130 km/h (80 mph), a TRAINS MAY EXCEED 130 km/h (80 MPH) (W10-8) sign (see Figure 8B-5) should be installed facing road users approaching the highway-rail grade crossing.

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Option: A STOP HERE ON RED sign may be used at locations where vehicles frequently violate the stop line or where it is not obvious to road users where to stop.

If engineering judgment of roadway geometric and operating conditions confirms that vehicle speeds across the railroad tracks should be below the posted speed limit, a W13-1 advisory speed plaque should be posted.

Pavement markings in advance of a highway-rail grade crossing shall consist of an X, the letters RR, a no-passing marking (two-lane highways where centerline markings are used), and certain transverse lines as shown in Figures 8B-6 and 8B-7.

Option: A NO SIGNAL (W10-10) sign or a NO GATES OR LIGHTS (W10-13) sign (see Figure 8B-5) may be installed at highway-rail grade crossings that are not equipped with automated signals.